Whipping Boy Essay Example for Free

Whipping Boy Essay Race separation and hierarchy has been a big part of our world history and is still a problem in some countries. In the older days, race decided whether you were a human being or just a â€Å"tool† to others advantage. In the 1800 century was there a change in the American history, where slaves were becoming freemen, and the short story â€Å"The Whipping Boy† describes in fiction how it may or may not have been in the change of history. The whipping boy concerns a family slavery farm, where they have three slaves Mikey, Tommy and Martha. One day on the farm a boy from the Union comes to the farm and breaks the news, that they are freemen and they can do whatever they want. The news thrills Mikey and Tommy, but Martha is still a bit insecure about the situation, because she is taking care of the old Mrs. Gage, who lives on the farm with her son Master Sterling Gage. Master Sterling Gage is not at the farm when the news arrives, and Martha is therefore concerned for old Mrs. Gage, that she will starve to death. The three slaves stays on the farm, and one day, when Mikey is laying on the couch inside his former masters house, with a bottle of bourbon, Master Sterling Gage returns home and catches Mikey in the act. He gets furious and hits him. Master Sterling Gage goes out of the house, to saddle his horse because he has to go into town, but Tommy and Mikey attacks him from behind and nearly kills him. Martha breaks it off, and they escape instead, they do not make it far until some confederate soldiers stop them, and they kill the three freed slaves. The story is set in the middle of the 1800th, which also in real time had meaning in history. The civil American war started in 1861. It all started when several states abolished slavery. The new president Abraham Lincoln wanted all states to be free from slavery, but some states disagreed, they resigned from the Union and became the confederate states with Jefferson Davis in front as their president. Now th ere was two opposite poles against each other, and the civil war began. The war resulted in releasing all the slaves in the confederate states also. A confederate fanatic murdered Abraham Lincoln a week after the war was over, but he died a hero to many.1 This you easily can relate to the short story â€Å"The Whipping Boy†. A boy from the union (Abraham Lincoln’s side) informs the slaves that they are freemen and they starts a riot on the farm† It was the day after the boy from the Union had come to the farm to let the slaves know they were freemen†2. Afterwards they escape the farm but bumps  into some confederate soldiers (Jefferson Davis’ side) that later on kills the free slaves. â€Å"Tommy was shot when he drew Sterling Gage’s pistol while they were being questioned. â€Å"3 You get this information, probably to relate to the real time history, when confederate soldiers still thought that race should be a main key in the society, and there should be no changes made. We follow in our short three slaves: T ommy, Mikey and Martha. Tommy and Mikey are working in the field, while Martha is inside their master’s house, serving the old Mrs. Gage. Martha and Mikey have had an affair, but their master Sterling Gage have been beating Mikey, when he found out. Martha is the quiet one, with most sympathy among the three slaves. She is the one begging Mikey and Tommy not to kill Master Sterling Gage, when they are beating him up â€Å"†Mikey,† Martha Begged, still pulling at Tommy’s arm, â€Å"Tell him to stop†Ã¢â‚¬ 4. Tommy and Mikey on the other hand is very straightforward, they want revenge for the things that they have been experiencing through the years on the farm â€Å"He had grown alongside Sterling as a young boy and had considered him a friend until the day Sterling had pilfered some sugar from the larder.†5 Master Gage Sterling is the person running the farm. He owns it, but is away allot and must therefore have Martha taking care of his old and demented mother Mrs. Gage. He has this static controlling aura, and makes the reader fear him. The short story makes the reader feel sorry for the slaves; because it is from their point of view, it is written. We hear about how tragic Mikey’s childhood was at the farm, and how they have to work hard every day to serve their master. When they then escape from the farm, the reader feels that justice has been done, but then feels sympathy with the slaves, when the confederate soldiers slaughter them. â€Å"The Whipping Boy† is a short story, which we can relate to a certain time in history. We can draw lines to the real world and see a connection and in the short story, it is the same people it is about and the same characters, and titles on the persons. Slavery is a problem still but the time in the 1800th was a time of big changes, and have been a very important landmark through history.

Static Force Analysis In Screw Jack Engineering Essay

Static Force Analysis In Screw Jack Engineering Essay Static friction is friction between two solid objects that are not moving relative to each other. For example, static friction can prevent an object from sliding down a sloped surface. The coefficient of static friction, typically denoted as ÃŽÂ ¼s, is usually higher than the coefficient of kinetic friction. The static friction force must be overcome by an applied force before an object can move. The maximum possible friction force between two surfaces before sliding begins is the product of the coefficient of static friction and the normal force: . When there is no sliding occurring, the friction force can have any value from zero up to . Any force smaller than attempting to slide one surface over the other is opposed by a frictional force of equal magnitude and opposite direction. Any force larger than overcomes the force of static friction and causes sliding to occur. The instant sliding occurs, static friction is no longer applicable and kinetic friction becomes applicable. An example of static friction is the force that prevents a car wheel from slipping as it rolls on the ground. Even though the wheel is in motion, the patch of the tire in contact with the ground is stationary relative to the ground, so it is static rather than kinetic friction. The maximum value of static friction, when motion is impending, is sometimes referred to as limiting friction,although this term is not used universally. Screw jack All metallic constructions and a accurately machine cut screw with a pitch of 5 mm crrying a double flanged turn table of about 20 cm dia fitted on a heavy cast iron base and complete with two adjustable pulleys cord hooks without wts. Small size, experimental demonstration type model with an aluminum turned pulley of about 10 cm dia is fitted on a screw jack which is fitted on a 12cm dia metallic circular base with an adjustable pulley and a linear vertical scale, over all height is about 15 cms with out wts. A screw is a shaft with a helical groove formed on its surface. Its main uses are as a threaded fastener used to hold objects together, and as a simple machine used to translate torque into linear force. Screw thread mechanics There are always three major components in practical applications of the screw thread mechanism : the    screw a generic name applied to a setscrew, leadscrew, bolt, stud or other component equipped with an external thread, the    nut refers to any component whose internal thread engages the screw, such as the nut of a nut bolt or a large stationary casting with a tapped hole into which a stud is screwed, and the    thrust bearing that is the contact surface between two components which rotate with respect to one another. Examples of thrust bearings include : the under-surface of a screw head which is being tightened by a spanner; the spherical seating of a G-clamp screw in the stationary self-aligning anvil. A nut can spin and move freely along a screw without contacting another component, ie. without the need for any thrust bearing, but a thrust bearing comes into existence immediately contact occurs and the mechanism is put to practical use. Clearly there is relative motion in the thrust bearing, and also between the nut and the screw and where there is relative motion there is    friction. We now examine the role of friction since it dominates the behaviour of the mechanism unless special ( read expensive ) means are taken to minimise its effects. When considering friction it doesnt matter which component rotates and which is stationary its the    relative motion which is important. We shall therefore analyse the jack shown here to deduce the general effect of friction on screw thread behaviour. The jacks screw is fixed; the nut is rotated by a spanner and translates vertically. The thrust collars only motion is vertical translation as it is prevented from rotating by contact with the load, one corner only of which is pictured. Since there is relative rotation between contacting nut and collar, the contacting surface assumes the role of thrust bearing. The nut shown here in plan is in contact with three bodies : the spanner exerts the torque    T which tends to raise the load ( analogous to tightening a nut and bolt ) the screw thread which exerts the frictional torque    Tt , and the thrust bearing which exerts the frictional torque    Tb . We are interested in the tightening torque    T, and, if the nut is in equilibrium then ( i)             T    =    Tt + Tb                                                             from which we can evaluate    T once    Tt and    Tb are found individually. Consider the thrust bearing first. We shall assume that the contact surface of area    A is in the form of a narrow annulus of mean radius    rb on which the uniform pressure is    W/A, where    W is the load supported by the mechanism. If the coefficient of friction in the bearing is    ÃŽÂ ¼b then the torque exerted by the frictional force on an area element ÃŽÂ ´A is    ÃŽÂ ´Tb    =    ÃŽÂ ¼b ÃŽÂ ´N rb    =    ÃŽÂ ¼b rb ( W/A ) ÃŽÂ ´A. Integrating over all the contact area ( ii)          Tb    =    W ÃŽÂ ¼b rb Consider now the thread which is square, of mean radius    rm and lead angle    ÃŽÂ ». The nut engages the screw with friction coefficient    ÃŽÂ ¼ corresponding to a    friction angle à Ã¢â‚¬   = arctan ÃŽÂ ¼. The static and kinetic coefficients of friction are taken to be essentially equal for this preliminary analysis. We wish to find the torque    Tt which must be exerted on the nut to offset thread friction and maintain the load    W in equilibrium that is either static or moving at constant speed. A torque which tends to raise the load is reckoned positive; a negative torque is one which tends to lower the load. Threaded Fastener A screw used as a threaded fastener consists of a shaft, which may be cylindrical or conical, and a head. The shaft has a helical ridge or thread formed on it. The thread mates with a complementary helix in the material. The material may be manufactured with the mating helix, or the screw may create it when first driven in. The head is specially shaped to allow a screwdriver to grip the screw when driving it in. It also stops the screw from passing right through the material being fastened and provides compression. Screws can normally be removed and re-inserted without reducing their effectiveness. This may make them preferable in some applications to nails, which are frequently unusable after being removed. A screw that is tightened by turning it clockwise is said to have a right-hand thread. Screws with left-hand threads are used in exceptional cases, when the screw is subject to anticlockwise forces that might undo a right-hand thread. Mechanical Analysis A screw is a specialized application of the wedge or inclined plane. It contains a wedge, wound around an interior cylinder or shaft that either fits into a corresponding plane in a nut, or forms a corresponding plane in the wood or metal as it is inserted. The technical analysis (see also statics, dynamics) to determine the pitch, thread shape or cross section, coefficient of friction (static and dynamic), and holding power of the screw is very similar to that performed to predict wedge behavior. Wedges are discussed in the article on simple machines. Tensile Strength Screws and bolts are usually in tension when properly fitted. In most applications they are not designed to bear large shear forces. When, for example, two overlapping metal bars joined by a bolt are likely to be pulled apart longitudinally, the bolt must be tight enough that the friction between the two bars can overcome the longitudinal force. If the bars slip then the bolt may be sheared in half, or friction between the bars (called fretting) may weaken them. For this type of application, high-tensile steel bolts are used and these should be tightened with a torque wrench. High-tensile bolts are usually in the form of hexagonal cap screws with an ISO strength rating stamped on the head. The strength ratings most often used are 8.8 and 12.9. The number before the point is the ultimate tensile strength in N/mm2 (or MPa) divided by 100. This is the stress at which the bolt will fail, i.e. break in half. The number after the point is the yield strength as a percentage of the ultimate tensile strength, divided by 10. Yield strength is the stress at which the bolt will receive a permanent set (an elongation from which it will not recover when the force is removed) of 0.2%. Mild steel bolts have a 4.6 rating. High-tensile bolts have an 8.8 rating or above. Types of screw jack Cap screw: has a convex head, usually hexagonal, designed to be driven by a spanner or wrench. Wood screw: has a tapered shaft allowing it to penetrate unrolled wood. Machine screw: has a cylindrical shaft and fits into a nut or a tapped hole, a small bolt. Self-tapping screw: has a cylindrical shaft and a sharp thread that cuts its own hole, often used in sheet metal or plastic. Drywall screw: is a specialized self-tapping screw with a cylindrical shaft that has proved to have uses far beyond its original application. Set screw:- has no head, and is designed to be inserted flush with or below the surface of the workpiece. Dowel screw:-is a wood-screw with two pointed ends and no head, used for making hidden joints between two pieces of wood. Shapes of Screw Head (a) Pan (b) Button (c) Round (d) Truss (e) Flat (f) Oval Pan Head: disc with chamfered outer edge. Button or dome head: cylindrical with a rounded top. Round: dome-shaped, commonly used for machine screws. Truss: lower-profile dome designed to prevent tampering. Flat or Countersunk: conical, with flat outer face and tapering inner face allowing it to sink into the material, very common for wood screws. Oval: countersunk with a rounded top. Types of Screw Drive Modern screws employ a wide variety of drive designs, each requiring a different kind of tool to drive in or extract them. The most common screw drives are the slotted and Phillips; hex, Robertson, and torx are also common in some applications. More exotic screw drive types may be used in situations where tampering is undesirable, such as in electronic appliances that should not be serviced by the home repairperson. (a) Slotted, (b) Phillips, (c) Pozidriv, (d) Torx, (e) Hex, (f) Robertson, (g) Tri-Wing, (h) Torq-Set, (i) Spanner (a) Slot Head has a single slot, and is driven by a flat-bladed screwdriver. The slotted screw is common in woodworking applications, but is not often seen in applications where a power driver would be used, due to the tendency of a power driver to slip out of the head and potentially damage the surrounding material. (b) Cross-head or Phillips Screw has a +-shaped slot and is driven by a cross-head screwdriver, designed originally for use with mechanical screwing machines. The Phillips screw drive has slightly rounded corners in the tool recess, and was designed so the driver will slip out, or cam out, under strain to prevent over-tightening. (c) Pozidriv it is patented, similar to cross-head but designed not to slip, or cam out. It has four additional points of contact, and does not have the rounded corners that the Phillips screw drive has. Phillips screwdrivers will usually work in Pozidriv screws, but Pozidriv screwdrivers are likely to slip or tear out the screw head when used in Phillips screws. Pozidriv was jointly patented by the Phillips Screw Company and American Screw Company. (d) Torx:-is a star-shaped or splined bit with six rounded points. (e) Hexagonal or hex:- screw head has a hexagonal hole and is driven by a hexagonal wrench, sometimes called an Allen key, or by a power tool with a hexagonal bit. (f) Robertson :-drive head has a square hole and is driven by a special power-tool bit or screwdriver (this is a low-cost version of the hex head for domestic use). (g) Tri-Wing:- screws have a triangular slotted configuration, and are used by Nintendo on its Gameboys to discourage home repair. (h) Torq-Set:- is an uncommon screw drive that may be confused with Phillips; however, the four legs of the contact area are offset in this drive type. (i) Spanner:-drive uses two round holes opposite each other, and is designed to prevent tampering Engineering Mechanics: Force Analysis in Static It is said that a chain is as strong as its weakest link, so is true for a structure. For a structure or a truss to sustain load all its members should be able to stand force acting on them. For optimal design of a structure it is essential to know the forces in the members, compressible or tensile. Structures are made to support loads. Structure is an assembly of number of members arranged in certain manner. When load acts on a structure this load is distributed to the constituent members of the structure in different proportions. Members experiencing large forces can be made stronger, members experiencing less force can be made lighter and redundant members with no force to support can be removed altogether. Thus static force analysis of structures can help to build cost effective, light and strong structures. Static Force Analysis in Structures Force acting on a member of a structure can be compressible or tensile. For the purpose of force analysis a sign convention can be assigned to the forces. Tensile forces, acting outwards the members and having a tendency to extend the member, is assigned positive sign. The force acting inwards any member and tending to compress the member is called as compressive force and assigned negative sign. Although a sign convention opposite to this one can also be followed with equal validity but the same sign convention should be adhered to throughout the analysis of a structure. There are mainly two approaches for static force analysis in structures. One approach is to section the structure under consideration and find the unknown forces by balancing the forces. Other approach is based on the principle that net force at any joint or node for static structure is zero. In either of the approaches force calculation is started from the support points as it is easier to determine the forces at the support points and further calculation of forces in the members of the structure becomes easier after knowing the forces at supports. Section Approach In the Section Approach the structure under consideration is sectioned at certain part such that the number of unknown forces is not more than two, for two dimensional structures. Unknown forces are assigned variables and components of the forces are taken along and perpendicular to any one of the unknown forces. For each of the two directions force balance equations are framed and solved for the unknowns. The components of the forces can also be taken along any fixed coordinate axis. For three dimensional structures the section taken can have up to three unknown forces. Nodal Approach In the other approach, to find forces in the members of a structure, net force at any joint is set to zero. Any joint connecting two or more members can be called as a node. One by one different nodes are considered for force analysis. To start with such a node will be taken which has not more than two unknown forces. Unknown forces are determined by writing net forces along any set of orthogonal axes and equating them to zero. For a simple structure one of the two approaches may be sufficient to determine the forces in members. But for complex structures single force analysis approach can become cumbersome for force analysis, therefore, a tricky combination and use of the two approaches can simplify the static force analysis in structures.

Design And Develop Supermarket Sales System Services Computer Science Essay

Design And Develop Supermarket Sales System Services Computer Science Essay It contains details for the customers, suppliers and products. This system contains two types of users, administrator and the end user. The administrator has the authorization to create new users, edit an existing user and delete a user or disable a user. This system generates multi reports for costumer, supplier, product, and soling. This will cut down the amount you spend away from the primary focus of your business and getting more control over your business. CHAPTER ONE Introduction SMSSS is solving a problem that could face any business. An inventory that could disappears from your stores, pharmacies, restaurants and hospitals, due to theft, wastage and employee misuse; because employee will know that inventory is being carefully tracked. SMSSS can instantly tell you about how many a particular product have sold today, or in any period you want. My Graduation Project is applied on supermarket; this will help on tracking its remaining inventory, spot sales trends, use historical data to better forecast your needs and detailed sales reports make it much easier for it; to keep the right on hand. SMSSS will include two types of users, administered user and a normal user. The first will have the authorization to add users to check the reports and observing the suppliers. The normal user just will prepare the customers orders and print out the billing. Every SMSSS system needs a printer to create credit card slips for customer but the users will deal with this system without using that printer therefore the paying will be in separate operation with normal printer. Touch screens are more intuitive to use than keyboards for many users, but in this case there will not be a touch screens, the users will depend on the keyboard and a computer only. It is a simple system without providing the flexibility to users. Background As it is mention before in the introduction this project will apply on supermarket, which has number of employees who received the customers orders. This supermarket is new, so it is looking for suitable manner to run on their business. This work is usually want a faster user who understand the customers order in short time, and save the money by count the orders price without mistake, especially when your business is run will and lot of customers orders you should focus on to not effected on your business, that why the SMSSS system will helps to save money, provide productivity gains. Objective Our project helps to record any and all sales, it automate overall inventory control, helping to keep stocks in proper balance depend on demand and other factors, so management is much easier. Also you are able to track promotions more successfully, whether through capons and special discount. In SMSSS you get many tools in a single package. SMSSS can make better use of your personal by little is more maddening to a business owner than watching his/her staff bogged down. SMSSS reduce paperwork, increase productivity, reduce time you have to spend doing inventory, provide more precise information on the rate at which each product in your inventory moves so you know when and how much of each item to order, showing you what selling and what not, which vendor product are profitable, and which vendors are making you the most money overall. In this case, your customer gets faster and more accurate service. CHAPTER TWO (Project Deliverables) Project Deliverables The deliverables for this project is consisting into four main sections: Research Analysis and Design Implementation and Testing Testing and Evaluation Project management 2.1 Research In this section, it will gather information about HCI, and similar software to the one that will be built and the language that decide to use. 2.2 Analysis and Design Analysis is the process of breaking a case or topic into many smaller parts to increase a better understanding of it. This way will helps to find the functionality of the software should have, and what programming language should used to implement it, and solve problems found during the research section, and discuss what methodology will use for both designing and implementing the system. Design method consists of the modeling language and the design process. Modeling language is a convention detailing how the design will be written on the paper. Unified Language is an example of a modeling language (UML). It makes details on how the software will be developed. 2.3 Implementation and Testing The design section will contain screen designs as well as the core design of the software and the way it is implemented and it will include the testing and evaluation. 2.4 Testing and Evaluation Testing is establishing a software system to find out the errors. Testing a set of programs against requirements specification expressed in different diagram such as data flow and entity relationship diagrams. In the process of software development, testing has historically been left until the code has been written. [1] Testing code done by different people at different times. The testers are depending on which testing is being done and the resources allocated in order to tasting a particular software product. The testers could be: the programmers, a team of testers, people represent the market for the software, the client and maintainer [1]. During and after implementation the software, code is being tested .Pre-implementation testing is done by a testing team of reviewers project manager or clients or system developers. After implementation or code testing, software developers prefer to taste the system from the bottom up, in order to check if they launch to have coded correctly. The testers applying two main testing techniques: black box testing and white box testing. There are many different of testing such as unit testing, test phases, system testing, integration testing, regression testing , acceptance testing, release testing and beta testing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[1] 2.5 Project Management Eatch project can run smoothly and efficiently according to some sort of managements. This ways of monitoring the project is important in order to controlling the costs and benefits of any project. If there are occurred reasons that make the work is running late, or make the costs are beginning to escalate, it is necessary and essential to discover this as soon as possible and to be able to recovery these bugs . That cause uncovered a problem then corrective action can be taken to have the possible effects of the problem reduced. The project manager is responsible for organizing planning, monitoring and controlling the project only if the management side has been separated from the technical development. [2] The task of the project management, plan, estimate time and effort, identify tasks for the team, use prior experience, schedule work, use resources, monitor and control the progress of the project, evaluate what is priority , and identify quickly the causes of problems all these are expensive, in terms of both time and money. [2]It is important to project manager to be able to identify areas of risk, such as lack of knowledge, occurred new technologies or problems relating to requirements, and to obviate these all plans should be prepared.[2] most of project managers use such as graphics of charts to scheduling their work there are many different types of char, they mainly fall into one of two categories, bar chart which is often referred to Gantt chart) and network chart which is often referred to (CPM or PERT or CPA) in this project well use the Gantt Chart in order to organize our timing,. Chapter Three Research Similar Product There are a variety of software solutions available for Cashier Assistant (point of sale). Several different approaches are examined here to compare different features and gain an understanding of the best approach to take when designing a Cashier Assistant (POS) in the following pages, good and bad points about surveyed application will be examined on what to add or to improve in the software to be. The layout of this examination is follow: The name of the being application A list of good points about the application A list of bad point about the application 3.1 Harolds Fine Home Lighting is a company based on tradition with 17 independent workstations. 3.1.1 Good Points Fast Eliminate the need for separate point of sale terminal. Provide quick verification and processing of credit cards at the POS. Simple bar coding and efficient, create a reliable way to control inventory. 3.1.2 Bad Points Huge data, there is no automatically back up. Difficult to update 3.2 Rod Works 5 stores depends on sale items 3.2.1 Good Points Automatically generate purchase orders when items fall below recorder levels Reduce inventory carrying costs by tracking inventory turns and gaining Generate discrepancy reports to resolve errors in physical inventory 3.2.2 Bad Point Huge data, there is no automatically back up. Difficult to update Research into HCI Human computer interaction is created by computer software and hardware. Human computer interaction makes computer and human interface more interesting and satisfies users needs. Human computer interaction design methodologies are based on User Centered Design. They are focus group, affordable analysis, participatory design, rapid prototyping, user scenario, value-sensitive design, and contextual design, etc. In Human computer interaction design seven principles are considered, tolerance, simplicity, Visibility, Affordance, Feedback, Structure, Consistency, etc. web interface and normal GUI are used according to the purpose. It is used for conferences, space shuttles, aircrafts, etc[3] The human-computer interface is the point of communication between the user and the computer. There are several goals depend on the end user to gain his interaction. Environment: depend where the user is used his own machine in which environment, college park whatever. Input information: the tasks the required by the user to the computer. Output data: whatever have generated from the computer represented to the user. Feedback: whatever the user required pass to the computer and forward back. HCI is affected by several forces of future computing for example:[5] Reduction hardware price guiding to larger memories and quicker systems. Miniaturization of hardware guiding to portability. Decrease in power needs guiding to portability. New present technologies guiding to the packaging of computational machines in new shapes. Specialized hardware guiding to new roles. Improved progress of network communication and shared out computing. Increasingly extensive use of computers, especially by user who are outside of the computing occupation. Growing novelty in input techniques (e.g., voice, gesture, pen), combined with lowering price, guiding to fast computerization by people who left out of the computer insurgency. Widespread common concerns guiding to get better contact computers by disadvantaged groups Interview Techniques interview Inputs interview Outputs interview Interaction Techniques interview Issues kinds of input principle s (e.g., choice, distinct parameter specification, nonstop control) Input techniques: keyboard, menus, mouse-, pen-based, voice. kinds of output principles, express precise information, abstract information, show processes, create illustration of information) Output techniques like: scrolling present, windows, animation, sprites, fish-eye displays) Screen describe issues (e.g., focus, clutter, visual logic) Dialogue type and techniques for example: form filling, menu selection, icons and direct treatment, generic functions) searching, error management Multimedia and non-graphical dialogues: mic, speaker, voice mail, video mail, active documents, CD-ROM Real-time reaction issues Manual organize theory Supervisory control, automatic systems, embedded systems Standards protection 3.2 Research on Software Tools 3.2.1 Research on Java http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/java.html http://101.lv/learn/Java/ch1.htm Java is an object oriented program it is often used in VCRs and toasters it was originally called OAK it is a high level language developed by Sun Microsystems. One a real information is that Java is based on the first version of C++. Java includes a set of class libraries that provide basic data types it is standard Java environment, system input and output capabilities, and other utility functions. Java is Platform that means it is easy to move the program from one computer to other. This is as an advantage of java over other programming languages. To execute a Java program a bytecode interpreter should be run. Bytecode is built into every Java-enabled browser. it is read the bytecodes and executes your Java program it is often called the Java virtual machine or the Java runtime. Java is a language that should compiled into the special machines code to then interpret. The role of the interpreter is to protect the machine from errors that can break down operating systems in C++. Compiled code can run on different systems, so a Java program can be across via a network to a machine with any different operating system you have it and with different GUI. Since java is high-level language it used to write applet and applications. An applet is a small program should send it cross the internet and interpreted on the client machine by a Java-aware browser. Java application can only be compiled and then run on the same machine. That why you cannot run the java if you do not have an application or a WWW page that refers to it. Once you decide to run the java you may have to change the properties of your browser this is a security issue in order to have the trust from your browser in order to use the compiler, that why when you do not recognize the compiler version you w ill face that your applet is rejected. 3.2.2 Visual Basic It is a programming language and environment developed for such type of windows or web application or reports and many purpose belong to development.[10]. since its launch in 1990, the Visual Basic come up to be the custom for programming languages. Now there are visual environments for many programming languages, including both C and C++, plus for Pascal and Java. Sometimes VB called RAD system because it is enable programmers to speedily build proposal applications. VB was one of the first products to supply interface environment for user, plus the VB programmers can insert a substantial quantity of code just by dragging and dropping control, like using buttons, text box, radio buttonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦act and then defining them by using the properties functions. Although not a true OOP language, it is sometimes known as an event-driven language because each object can act in response to several events for example when we use a mouse click. 3.2.3 C# Language C# is an object-oriented language. It is further includes support for component-oriented programming. C# has a unified type system. All C# types, have primitive types(int and double, inherit from a single object type). C# supports user-defined reference types and value types, allowing dynamic allocation of objects and-line storage of lightweight formations. C# programs consist of one or more source files .Concepts in C# are programs, namespaces, types, members, and assemblies. Programs declare types, which contain members and can be organized into namespaces. Classes and interfaces are examples of types. Fields, methods, properties, and events are examples of members. When C# programs are compiled, they are physically packaged into. Assemblies have both executable code in the form of Intermediate Language (IL) orders, and symbolic information in the form of metadata. Before the executed begin, the Intermediate Language code is directly changed to processor-specific code by help of the Just-In-Time compiler of .net Common Language Run time (CLR). Variables types: value types and reference types. value types include their data where variables of reference types store references to their data. With reference types, it is likely to have two variables to reference the same object helping for operations on one variable to affect the object referenced by the other variable. Through value types, the variables have their own copy of the data. It is possible on one to affect the other. 3.3 Research on Database 3.3.1 Research on SQL Server SQL Server Aclient server is made of two components: an application that is used to present the application data, and a database system that is used to store it. The application may used the visual studio 2005 or access or some other graphical user interface. And to store the database it is suitable to use SQL server. Database is a collection of objects stored in the SQL server. This collection of objects including tables, views, stored procedures, functions and other object necessary to build the database. As know the tables are the first generally thing that you add to a SQL server. And each table contains information about specific case. Once the tables are created the user should mentioned the keys for each table. SQL server stored procedures and compiled code and executed on the server. You can execute them through any client(VB.net, microsoft access, microsoft wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) If you waant to modify the a stored procedure you can modify it from the server. The change you do impact to all user client thet call the stored procedure. Microsoft recognize that there is a plethora of database user with disparate needs. That why they release the following six version: SQL server 2005 Express edition SQL server 2005 workgroup edition SQL server 2005 developer edition SQL server 2005 standard edition SQL server 2005 enterprise edition SQL server 2005 mobile edition. Features are provided by database engine http://www.informit.com/guides/content.aspx?g=sqlserverseqNum=14 Clustering Services It is operating system allows the user to recover immediately from currently system to another. Replication services remains data in synchronization between SQL Server databases and other database like Oracle, Microsoft Accessect. other using for It is to send data to several systems. XML transfer data between mixed programs or data sources. SQL Server 2008 allow the user to report on SQL Server 2008 adds a new Policy Based Management system to SQL Server, which allows you to report on and put in force a exact pattern for any database object. SQL Server 2008 can track the performance and other data in a central location and raise a report. In SQL server a provider for power shell is including. This helps the user to save scrip programs and for windows, Microsoft exchange, and Microsoft office too. The SQL Server provider deals with SQL Server Instances, Databases and Database Objects . this let the user deal with them in perceptive way. Reporting services has been built in SQL server 2000 and to SQL server 2005 and next other modern versions. The feature helps the user to do their work through SQL server directly via the browser. 3.2.3 Research on Oracle The Oracle Database [12]referred to RDBMS or as Oracle (RDBMS). As of 2009[update], Oracle remains a major presence in database computing. Oracle RDBMS stored data logically in table spaces and in data files if the it is in physicaly form. Oracle DBM tracks the data stored with the help of the information that is stored in the system table space itself. In 1970, oracle was the first commercial relation database based on the relational language SQL. It is goes in such development; oracle tools could support many methodologies. Oracle users would purchase the database, but it was possible to purchase some tools that make up the oracle product rang but not others. Designer 2000 was formally known as oracle CASE, and is helpful on data and process modeling. Developer 2000 is used to build a application, once it has been designed using oracle designer 2000. Discoverer 2000 consists of a suite of user friendly query tools designed for ad-hoc reporting. The oracle database management system is central to these tools, through many ends -user are hardly aware of its presence. The main method of communicating directly with the oracle database is by using the SQL language. Although this stands for SQL. It enables the experienced user to do more than just handle queries. There are extensions to the basic SQL language provided on Oracle and together they from PL/SQL. The SQL optimizer attempts to make each SQL statements as efficient as possible when executed. SQL procedure can be trigger by certain events, for example after updating or deleting a record. The security feature are now very sophisticated; you need system previleges to access the database and object level privileges at different levels to query, insert, delete and updating, any object stored in the database. Data is validated through data constraints, that is, only allowing permitted values of data to be entered into the database Oracle database management tracks its data storage with the help of information stored in the system space table. Oracle RDBMS is supported localy managed table space which help store space management information in their headers better than in the table space. The history of Oracle database. (1979) was the first released Oracle version 2 (1982) released Oracle version 3 (1984) released Oracle version 4 (1986) released Oracle version 5 (1988) released especial version for OS mackintosh Oracle version 1 (1989) released Oracle version 6 (1993) released Oracle version 7 (1997) released Oracle version 8 (1999) released Oracle version 8i (2001) released Oracle version 9i (2003) released Oracle version 10g (2007) released Oracle version 11g 3.4 Research into Methodologies 3.4.1 Research into Traditional System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The rapid increase in the power[13], speed and capacity of computers, and the demands of clients and the market-place have encouraged software developers to attempt to develop ever more ambitious systems. First attempt was in 1960s and early 1970s but this was a complex and system, it was difficult to maintain and did not do what was required. The system life cycle was an attempt to establish a structured approach to analyzing designing and building software systems. The system life cycle divided the development of system into stages. Feasibility Study: the development team visits the customer and studies their system. They investigate requires in the given system. End of the feasibility study, the team supply a document that holds the different specific recommendations for the candidate system, personnel assignments, costs, project schedule, target dates etc. The purpose of this phase is to find out the need and to define the problem that needs to be solved. Analysis and design: The software development process, the softwares overall structure and its nuances are defined. In terms of the client/server technology, the number of tiers needed for the package architecture, the database design, the data structure design etc are all defined in this phase. A software development model is thus created. Analysis and Design are very crucial in the whole development cycle. Any glitch in the design phase could be very expensive to solve in the later stage of the software development. Much care is taken during this phase. The logical system of the product is developed in this phase. Code Generation: The design must be translated into a machine-readable form. The code generation step performs this task. If the design is performed in a detailed manner, code generation can be accomplished without much complication. Programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers etc are used to generate the code. Different high level programming languages like C, C++, Pascal, Java are used for coding. With respect to the type of application, the right programming language is chosen. Testing: The software program testing begins when the code is generated. There are Different testing methodologies are available to solve the bugs. Maintenance: Once the software delivered to the customer, maintenance phase is important for many reasons could change once the system is used by the clients. Bugs could happen because of some unexpected input values into the system and system directly affects the software operations. The software should be developed to accommodate changes that could happen during the post implementation period. 3.4.2 Structured System Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) it is one of the methodologies that launch to analysis and design of IS. It is consist into sequence of stages: Feasibility Stage Analyze the case that you have at a high level, by using Data Flow Diagram to explain how system is work and to think about the problems. These parts are including to this stage: Build up a Business Activity Model(BAM). Study the requirements. study the processing. Study data. Get logical view of present services. Define Requirements Stage Get an idea about the old environment, by know the system requirements and recognized the business environment by modeled them by using a DFD and Logical Data Structure. Requirements Specification Stage This stage is to assist the management, by using BSOs will telling the range and functionalities to provide and present them. They also need financial and risk evaluations to be prepared, and require to be supported by outline implementation reports. These parts are including to first stage: Develop mandatory data model. Receive system functions. Grow user job specifications. Enhance mandatory data model. Develop specification samples. Build up processing specification. Verify system objectives. Logical System Specification Stage Officially this stage is to choice the feasible options. The development/implementation environments are particular based on this choice. Logical System Specification Stage In this stage Both Processes and logical designs should update, as well the dialogs are specified these parts are including to this stage: Classify user dialogue. Define the updating processes. Classify enquiry processes. Physical Design Stage The purpose of this stage is to denote the physical data and process design. The way to define them is to use the language and features of physical environment and incorporating installation. These parts are including to this stage: Arranging for physical design. Supplement the specification of functions. Increase developing for both data and process designs. 3.4.3 Rapid Application Development (RAD) [15] Rapid application development is one of the agile method, it is shorten the life cycle and to produce information system more quickly in order to respond to rapidly changing business requirement . it develops the projects faster and higher quality by using groups to gather requirements. Requirement planning User design constructions cutover in requirement phase , developer seek to obtain input from users in order to determine set of system requirements. In the user phase, is based on the sample cycle, involving experienced users and developers. This phase is consisting of a sequence of workshops, each one of them may be takes three days. During this phase the Tool CASE is used to build the prototype. The construction phase is to produce or generate the code from the CASE prototype, and the new system is validated by users. The final phase is cutover. It is cover the system testing, users training and introduction of the system into the client organization. RAD has a number of obvious advantages: Resistance to change in the organization is minimized and the new system is welcome, because of the high degree of users participation in the whole process. The system is developed and delivered more quickly than with traditional development approaches. The speed of the development and the use of relatively small teams means that the RAD tend to be cheaper than their traditional counterparts. The speed of RAD means also it is closely related to current needs of the business. 3.4.5. Soft System Methodology Soft systems methodology (SSM) was developed by Peter Check land and his colleagues at Lancaster University in the 1970s [19]. It is designed to shape interventions in the problematic situations encountered in management, organizational and policy contexts, where there are often no straightforward problems or easy solutions. Though informed by systems engineering approaches, it breaks with them by recognizing the central importance of perspective or world-view in social situations. It differs significantly from the systems science approaches developed in the 1960s, and is more reflective of action research in its philosophy and approach. SSM is widely described as a seven-stage process, as follows: 1. Identifying the problematic situation that it is desired to intervene in 2. Researching the situation and building a rich picture (interpretive representation) of it 3. Selecting perspectives and building root definitions (key processes that need to take place within the desired system) 4. Developing a conceptual model of the change system 5. Comparing the model with the real-world situation 6. Defining the changes to be implemented 7. Taking action. Stage 1: finding out is concerned with identifying and providing a brief description of the situation it is desired to intervene in. Stage 2: modeling This stage is concerned with producing definitions of transformation processes that should achieve the desired intervention(s). Stage 3: dialogue Conceptually the dialogue stage involves examining the change model against the real-world situation, usually as represented by the rich picture and associated analyses, and checking that it makes sense. Often the change model needs adjusting, and sometimes the rich picture needs to be developed further. Stage 4: defining and taking action This stage will vary depending on the specific change project, but essentially it involves developing the (revised) change model into a concrete

The Atom Bomb :: essays research papers fc

The atom bomb is one of the most important discoveries in modern day science. Countless scientists worked relentlessly on the project and their efforts opened the door for present and future exploration of the atom.Just before the beginning of World War II, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Urged by Hungarian-born physicists Leo Szilard, Eugene Wingner, and Edward Teller, Einstein told Roosevelt about Nazi German efforts to purify Uranium-235 which might be used to build an atomic bomb. Shortly after that the United States Government began work on the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the United States effort to develop the atomic bomb before the Germans did. "The first successful experiments in splitting a uranium atom had been carried out in the autumn of 1938 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin" Just after Einstein wrote his letter. So the race was on. Major General Wilhelm D. Styer called the Manhattan Project "the most important job in the war . . . an all-out effort to build an atomic bomb." It turned out to be the biggest development in warfare and science's biggest development this century.The most complicated issue to be addressed by the scientists working on the Manhattan Project was the production of ample amounts of enriched uranium to sustain a chain reaction. At the time, Uranium-235 was hard to extract. Of the Uranium ore mined, only about 1/500th of it ended up as Uranium metal. The Uranium metal is relatively rare, occurring in Uranium at a ratio of 1 to 139.Separating the one part Uranium-235 proved to be a challenge. No ordinary chemical extraction could separate the two isotopes. Only mechanical methods could effectively separate U-235 from U-238. Scientists at Columbia University solved this difficult problem.A massive enrichment plant was built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey and his associates and colleagues at Columbia University designed a system that worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion. After this process was completed, Ernest O. Lawrence from the university of California in Berkeley implemented a process i nvolving magnetic separation of the two isotopes. Finally, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. The Uranium-238 is forced to the bottom because it had more mass than the Uranium-235. This Uranium was then transported to a laboratory headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer. Oppenheimer was the major force behind the Manhattan Project.

Exploring Suicide Essay -- Papers Death Depression Killing Essays Life

Exploring Suicide The natural end of every human life is death. Some people, for reasons that have never been fully understood, choose to end their own lives. This is called suicide, which means literally ?self-killing?. For all the uncertainty that has surrounded the phenomenon of suicide, this assessment of the problem is probably as accurate as any. The individual seemingly hopeless conflict with the world, decides to end his or her existence in what amounts to a final assault against a society that can no longer be tolerated. In so doing, the person tries to obtain a final revenge on everything and everyone that has caused their feelings of depression. Attempts at suicide, and suicidal thoughts of feelings are usually symptom indicating that a person isn?t coping, often as a result of some event or series of events that they personally find overwhelmingly traumatic or distressing. In many cases, the events in question will pass, their impact can be mitigated, or their overwhelming nature will gradually fade if the person is able to make constructive choices about dealing with the crisis when person is able to make constructive choices about dealing with the crisis when it is at its worst. Suicide is intentional self-inflicted acts that end in death. A self-destruction Suicide is the act or an instance of intentionally killing oneself. Suicide is applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result. Suicide is a rarely ever a spur of the moment thing. The Susceptibility to suicide is lowest among those who have strong community ties. Today people continue to commit suicide for a variety of reasons: Love, insanity an... ...?s conditions have added a host of other complications. The most important way to prevent suicide is to talk. Bibliography: Brown, A. (1996, winter) Mood disorders in children and adolescents. NARSAD ResearchNewsletter (Internet) Available: http://mhsource.com/advocacy/narsad/childhood.html Suicide Frequently asked questions: Available: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/suicide/resources ?Euthanasia? Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia 1993-1994 Microsoft Corp. ?A Rational Approach to Rational Suicide? Joseph Richman, Ph.D. Suicide and Life-Threating Behavior, Vol 22, 1992. The American Association of Suicidology. ?Grolier Encyclopedia? Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2nd ed., Depressive Disorders: Facts, Theories, and Treatments Methods (Wiley, 1990) Compton?s Encyclopedia Online v3.0 1998 The Learning Company, Inc.

Kewauna And Marita Comparison Essay Essay

Ambitious Bargains Have you ever wanted to prove somebody or even yourself that you could do better? Have you ever wanted to prove that you were better than what you were or where you came from? That’s what two girls named Kewauna and Marita wanted to do. Kewauna wanted to better her life with the OneGoal program, she took full advantage of her education by getting to know her professors and making them remember her, and anything she struggled with she made sure to study and pay extra attention to. Marita also wanted to take advantage of her education instead of telling her mom that she couldn’t handle the KIPP Academy she toughed through it, even with a 10 hour school day she will go home and study more leaving her with no social life at all, she also goes to school on Saturdays and goes to school during the summer so she can go onto high school. Kewauna and Marita are similar because they are both very ambitious, they both went to successful preparatory schools, and they both come from troubled backgrounds. Kewauna and Marita are both ambitious because they give up a part of their lives in order to break the stereotype that children from poverty and bad situations can be just as successful as rich kids already given that opportunity. One example of Kewauna being ambitious is when she said â€Å"No matter how overwhelming it is, no matter how exhausting it is, I’m not going to give up.† Another example of the two being ambitious is when Marita was telling the interviewer about her schedule like it was something a normal kid would have and she had a completely calm demeanor about the whole thing. Another example for Marita is when she is doing her homework as soon as she gets home from school she goes straight to her homework and doesn’t really want to take a break from it, not even to eat. Another comparison you can make between Marita and Kewauna is that they both went to strict prep schools. Kewauna went to a preparatory school by the name OneGoal, it was dedicated to turning extremely struggling students into  college ready scholars. â€Å"Of the 128 students, including Kewauna, who started OneGoal as juniors at six Chicago high schools in the fall of 2009, ninety-six were enrolled in four-year colleges as of March 2012.† This proves that OneGoal is a fairly successful prep school. Marita went to a school called KIPP Academy where richer kids automatically had the upper hand because of the amount of money and lifestyle they were born into. The school was known for its ascendancy in math, and that may have caused Marita to major in Accounting now that she is in college. The final comparison you can make between the two is that they both came from troubled backgrounds, poor families, and bad neighborhoods with little to no opportunities before KIPP and OneGoal. Kewauna had a very troubling childhood until OneGoal, she was arrested at 15 for punching a police officer and she was also homeless for a time in her life. She decided to change her life for the better and start doing better in school after a family intervention about her behavior. There is the only slight difference between Kewauna and Marita, Marita was not a problematic child like Kawauna she just is one of the unfortunate people born in a not-so-nice neighborhood which lessened her chances of being successful significantly. Luckily, for both of Marita and Kewauna they have beaten that stereotype to pieces and they both enrolled in higher education. In conclusion, Marita and Kewauna can practically be twins. But in all seriousness, the two are strikingly similar in the way they have come up from practically nothing. They both went through some sort of program to help prepare them for their bright and shining future (KIPP and OneGoal). The two came up from the bottom and are on their way to the top of the top. Marita and Kewauna are role models for young girls in poverty and troubled homes that are constantly being reminded that they will never amount to anything. They tell them that if you are ambitious like me and you have plenty of work ethic you can get anywhere, you can do anything, you are unstoppable.

Existentialism in the Stranger by Albert Camus Essay

As humans mature they start to realize that their life has almost always followed a basic routine from childhood till death. This is to go to pre-school, then middle school, then high school, then college, then get a job and get married. A critical tell-tale sign of maturity is when a person starts to take responsibility for their own actions and stops making excuses. Existentialism is a modern philosophical movement largely based on the theory that human existence is unexplainable, that the universe is indifferent and our free choice has a cause and effect to our consequences and that we our responsible for it. Albert Camus brilliantly demonstrates these existentialist themes in the short story â€Å"The Guest† and the novel The Stranger. Three key themes that are displayed in both these literature pieces are freedom, responsibility, and indifference of the world. Freedom is the basic principle on what democracy & the country of America is based upon. It also happens to be the root basis on existentialism and how all humans are capable of free choice, regardless of the circumstance. In The Guest the school teacher Daru is ordered to transfer a prisoner to police headquarters. In this situation it is presumed that Daru has no choice but to follow orders and take the prisoner, yet he states â€Å"every bit of this disgusts me, and first of all your fellow here. But I won’t hand him over. Fight, yes, if I have to. But not that. † (Camus) Disobeying orders, he firmly puts his foot on the ground and confidently states that he will not in fact deliver the prisoner. As he starts to walk with the prisoner he directs him, â€Å"Now look,† the schoolmaster said as he pointed in the direction of the east, ‘†there’s the way to Tinguit. You have a two hour walk. At Tinguit you’ll find the administration and the police. They are expecting you. â€Å"’†¦ Daru took his elbow and turned him rather roughly toward the south†¦ ‘†That’s the trail across the plateau. In a day’s walk from here you’ll find pasturelands and the first nomads. They’ll take you in and shelter you according to their law. â€Å"’ (Camus) This free choice is what separates us humans from animals and is the basis of our government. In The Stranger Meursalt gets involved in a conflict between Raymond and a man only known as â€Å"The Arab†. Meursalt restrains Raymond from killing the Arab only to return and avenge his friend by shooting, and killing the Arab. Meursalt did not have any serious reason to kill the Arab, but he had the mindset that life was pointless and he was living for no reason so he decided to do his friends dirty work. Before he kills the Arab â€Å"It struck me that all I had to do was to turn, walk away, and think no more about it. † ( Camus 38) This quote represents the idea of free choice. That he could have just walked away and nothing would have happened but he chose to continue with the murder. These two examples perfectly display how free will largely impacts our lives. One choice gave a man his freedom, while the other took away a man’s freedom. â€Å"With great power, comes great responsibility†. Although this quote comes from the famous comic book adaptation movie Spiderman, it is still regarded as a very important quote which is true in all aspects. As we grow up we start from having no power to slowly gaining power as we grow older. A key idea in Existentialism is that we are all responsible for our own actions, which is shown in everyday life. For example if a person commits armed robbery his punishment will be prison, as that is the result of the action he chose to perform. This is perfectly shown in both The Guest and The Stranger. In the guest Daru set’s his prisoner free and directs him towards both freedom and capture. The Arab however chooses to take responsibility for his actions â€Å"And in that slight haze Daru with heavy heart made out the Arab walking slowly on the road to prison. † (Camus) In The Stranger, Meursalt makes the conscious decision to kill the Arab and is willing to pay the consequences. He starts shooting the Arab and realizes that â€Å"each successive shot was another loud, fateful rap on the door of my undoing. † (Camus 39) This quote is textual evidence that Meursalt did know he was going to suffer from the aftermath and as he fires the shot each shot symbolically represents fate knocking on his door. He ends up paying for this by going to trial resulting in his eventual death; which he welcomes. These two people from their respective stories both commit murder and take responsibility for their decisions instead of fleeing from reality. The #1 cause in mid-life crisis’ are the realization that life is a routine and some people then choose to go out and do something wild or try to change their life, yet it all comes back to routine. As mentioned before, everyone in the universe usually follows the same process of school, job, wife, kids etc. Meursalt comes to terms with this and knows that the â€Å"the benign indifference of the universe† (Camus 154) will make everything always return to normal. After his mother dies and he talks to his boss about leaving he realizes that nothing will change, he will come back to work after his leave, and continue with regularly life as if nothing had changed. There might be some small changes but everything would be the same. He talks about death and he knows â€Å"I’d been right, I was still right, I was always right. I’d passed my life in a certain way, and I might have passed it in a different way, if I’d felt like it. †¦ What difference could they make to me, the deaths of others, or a mother’s love, or his God; or the way a man decides to live, the fate he thinks he chooses, since one and the same fate was bound to â€Å"choose† not only me but thousands of millions of privileged people who, like him, called themselves my brothers,† (Camus 151-152) This quote perfectly represents the existential idea of indifference as it Meursalt lives his life in a way that he could he have changed if he wanted to but it would have still been the same old song and dance. Death although it temporarily affects people does not linger, and people eventually move on. Although Meursalt had a strained relationship with his mother and seemed to be apathetic he not only concludes that this applies to him, but to everyone in the world. This epiphany is what largely convinces Meursalt to go live his life as he forms a relationship with Marie and starts to gain some experiences. He still seems to be apathetic as when Marie asks him if he loves her he says no and this relapse is the thought process in which he killed the Arab. These example define the theme of indifference of the universe and how it plays a large factor on how people decide to live their life. Existentialism ideas pop in and out of our lives very often and control the way people think. Albert Camus played upon these themes and put them into text to help us read and truly comprehend them. Free choice, responsibility, and indifference are all around us, and although some may be more important than others they still help keep our id in balance (Sigmund Freud). Free choice is our conscious mind and what is the most important thing to us, especially as Americans. Free choice is our input to society, whether be good. Responsibility helps keep free choice in check, as all actions have a cause and effect. Indifference of the world has a subliminal input in our lives that may not be shown in everyday life but at certain parts of life. These three ideas are large parts of our lives and how we choose to live it every single day.